Structs (C)

myStruct.c

#include <stdio.h>

/* Define the struct before main. */
struct student {
  char name[15];
  int id;
};

// Give a synonym. Now struct student is the same with student. 
typedef struct student student;

void input(student*, int);
void output(student*, int);

int main(void)
{
   
    // Declare an array of 3 students.
    student stdArray[3];
    
    input(stdArray, 3);
    
    output(stdArray, 3);
    
    return 0;
}

void input(student* stdArray, int N)
{
    int i;
    
    for(i = 0 ; i < N ; i++)
    {
        printf("Input name of student, please.\n");
        scanf("%15s", stdArray[i].name);
        
        printf("Input ID, please.\n");
        scanf("%d", &stdArray[i].id);
    }
}

void output(student* stdArray, int N)
{
    int i;
    
    for(i = 0 ; i < N ; i++)
    {
        printf("Name of %d-th student: %s\n", i, stdArray[i].name);
        printf("ID of %d-th student is: %d\n", i, stdArray[i].id);
    }
}

This code was developed by me, G. Samaras.

Now we are going to demonstrate, with the help of 3 simple examples for beginners.

arrow0.c

// Example 1
// Referencing a structure member locally in "main()" with the "dot operator"
 
#include <stdio.h>
 
struct Test
{
    int x;
};
 
int main(void)
{
    struct Test sTest;
 
    sTest.x = 2;
 
    printf("x = %d\n",sTest.x);
 
    return 0;
}

arrow1.c

// Example 2
// Referencing a structure member in a function, using the "dot operator"
//    and standard pointer notation
 
#include <stdio.h>
 
struct Test
{
    int x;
};
 
void updateStruct(struct Test *y);
 
int main(void)
{
    struct Test sTest;
 
    sTest.x = 2;
 
    printf("x = %d\n",sTest.x);
 
    updateStruct(&sTest);
 
    printf("x = %d\n",sTest.x);
 
    return 0;
}
 
void updateStruct(struct Test *y)
{
    (*y).x = 3;  // line of interest
}

arrow2.c

// Example 3
// Referencing a structure member in a function, using the "arrow operator"
 
#include <stdio.h>
 
struct Test
{
    int x;
};
 
void updateStruct(struct Test *y);
 
int main(void)
{
    struct Test sTest;
 
    sTest.x = 2;
 
    printf("x = %d\n",sTest.x);
 
    updateStruct(&sTest);
 
    printf("x = %d\n",sTest.x);
 
    return 0;
}
 
void updateStruct(struct Test *y)
{
    y->x = 3;  // line of interest
}

Make sure that you understand what happened in the line of interest at arrow1.c and arrow2.c. These two lines are completely equivalent, but it is a handy way of writing the same thing. It is a shortcut that C provides to the programmer.

These three examples were developed by Matticus of C board. Thanks again Matt!

Notice that with structs, the arrow operator (->) is being used very often. For an example , click here.

In (ANSI) C99, you can use a designated initializer to initialize a structure:

MY_TYPE a = { .flag = true, .value = 123, .stuff = 0.456 };

Source

Have questions about this code? Comments? Did you find a bug? Let me know! 😀
Page created by G. (George) Samaras (DIT)